裂缝性岩石裂缝扩展的光弹构造物理模拟——以南华北盆地户部寨沙河阶组为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1       下载免费PDF全文

颜丹平  周美夫  田崇鲁  汪昌亮  张建增  郭庆银  马寅生  董铁柱 《地质学报》2005,79(5):602-607

以南华北盆地户部寨第三系沙河阶组粉砂岩低渗透储层为例,总结了其中发育的5种类型构造裂缝组合,即:①南北向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;②东西向雁形张节理组成的共轭剪节理带;③缠结状多组剪切构造裂缝;④组合状交切的多组剪切构造裂缝及张裂缝;⑤散状无序排列的构造裂缝。在此基础上,建立光弹性试验构造物理模型,沿现应力场96°方向,均匀地对该模型逐步增加外载力。结果表明,沿各组合裂缝尖端分别形成对称于裂缝走向、且主轴垂直于裂缝的Ⅰ型等色线条纹;对称于裂缝走向、且主轴平行于裂缝走向的Ⅱ型条纹和斜交于裂缝走向的复合型(Ⅲ型)条纹。第①类组合裂缝尖端以Ⅰ型等色线条纹的拉张应力和张剪应力为主;第②类组合裂缝尖端以复合型(Ⅲ型)等色线条纹的挤压应力为主;第③、④和⑤类组合裂缝尖端的应力分布较为复杂。当模型外载荷接近1000kg时,裂缝尖端起裂,并开始发育显微裂缝,而当外载荷达1100-1200 kg时,沿裂缝尖端部位形成宏观裂缝,并开始扩展。5种类型的裂缝组合扩展发育程度由强至弱依次为:①,③,⑤,②,④。其中第①类共轭裂缝组合起裂最早,扩展最快,裂缝间的连通趋势最好,说明规则分布的构造裂缝组合,在垂直于外施加载衙时更易达到连通的目的。  相似文献   

Tectonically driven fluid flow and associated low-grade metamorphism during the Alpine compression in the eastern Iberian Chain (Spain)     

J.D. Martín-Martín  J. Tritlla  E. Cardellach  D. Gmez-Gras 《Journal of Geochemical Exploration》2006,89(1-3):267

Fluid inclusions and clay mineralogy of the Permo-Triassic rocks from the Espina and Espadà Ranges (SE Iberian Chain, Spain) have been investigated to establish their relationship with hydrothermal fluid circulation during the Alpine Orogeny. Primary fluid inclusions in quartz-filled tension gashes in Permo-Triassic sandstones reveal maximum temperatures around 230 °C and very constant salinities of 8.5% wt. eq. NaCl. Secondary fluid inclusions found in quartz from the Santonian Ba–Cu–Hg deposits show similar compositional and thermodynamic characteristics, denoting an Alpine recrystallization. Clay mineral composition of Permo-Triassic mudrocks is characterized by pyrophyillite, indicating low-grade metamorphic conditions. Field observations and experimental data suggest that the crystallization of quartz in tension gashes, the formation of secondary fluid inclusions and the development of the metamorphism are contemporaneous and related to fluid circulation during the Alpine compression. Fluid flow took place along the Hercynian fault system that was reactivated during the Mesozoic rift stage and inverted during the Alpine deformation.  相似文献   

松江河电厂小山水电站导流洞出口边坡稳定性分析     

王振环  邢帼君 《吉林地质》1997,16(4):77-81

小山水电站导流洞出口边坡其地质结构为下部中侏罗世安山岩（αＪ２），其上覆盖了第三纪末第四纪初的玄武岩（βＮ～Ｑ），两者间为不整合接触，不整合面夹有０．１～０．６ｍ厚的粘土状及碎石粘土状夹层，产状倾向河床，倾角±２５°。在上覆玄武岩层中见有高倾角的宽张裂隙带，与不整合面一起构成松动岩体，不整合面为底滑面。通过边界条件的分析和稳定计算，松动岩体的抗滑系数Ｋ＝３．１０２，边坡是稳定的。在施工过程中采取了相应的安全保护措施，导流洞出口提前２８ｍ进洞，节约挖方量６００００ｍ３，提前了工期。经三年多的施工到运行，边坡无异常变化，表明该项优化设计是可行的。  相似文献   

A mixed finite element method for Hele-Shaw cell equations     

J. M. Guevara-Jordan  J. Glimm 《Computational Geosciences》1997,1(1):35-58

A new numerical method to solve the system of equations describing two phase flow in a Hele-Shaw cell is presented. It combines a mixed finite element method, the method of subtraction of the singularity and a front tracking grid in a single computational strategy. This choice of discretization techniques is well motivated by the difficulties present in the system of equations and the physics of the problem. The new method was tested against analytical solutions and also by solving the Saffman–Taylor viscous fingering problem for finite and infinite mobility ratios. In both cases convergence under mesh refinement is achieved for the fingers developed from an initial sinusoidal interface. Finger splitting is observed for low values of the surface tension and high mobility ratio. Different explanations, based in our results, are provided for this phenomenon. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

古田溪一级大坝变形观测系统改造及自动化设计     

龚玉珍  邵有清 《四川测绘》1996,19(4):151-156

本文介绍了古田汉一级大坝原有变形观测项目及存在的主要问题，提出了观测系统改造的原则和要求。详细论述了各观测项目增设、改造及自动化设计的实施方案，给出了相应的精度估算。  相似文献   

一种快速测定表面张力的简易办法     

陈泉水 《江西地质》2001,15(1):61-63

本文介绍一种快速测定液体表面张力的自制简易装置，利用该简易装置和表面张力的标准测定仪器－界面张力仪分别对几种纯液体和溶液进行了对比实验，结果表明，该简易法的实验条件比较简单，实验数据容易测准，是一种简便实用的表面张力测定方法。  相似文献   

Cyclic tests on large‐scale models of existing bridge piers with rectangular hollow cross‐section     

A. V. Pinto  J. Molina  G. Tsionis 《地震工程与结构动力学》2003,32(13):1995-2012

Cyclic tests on two large‐scale models of existing bridge piers with rectangular hollow cross‐section were performed in the ELSA laboratory. The prototype structure is an existing reinforced concrete highway bridge constructed in Austria in 1975. The piers presented several seismic deficiencies and consequently they showed poor hysteretic behaviour and limited deformation capacity as well as undesirable failure modes that do not comply with the requirements of modern codes for seismic‐resistant structures. Experimental data are compared to numerical and empirical predictions. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.  相似文献   

高层隔震建筑设计中隔震支座受拉问题分析   总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11  

程华群  刘伟庆  王曙光 《地震工程与工程振动》2007,27(4):161-166

高层建筑由于高宽比相对较大,倾覆效应明显,当采用隔震技术时,有可能使隔震支座出现拉应力,而通常使用的叠层橡胶隔震支座抗拉能力不强。因此,隔震支座受拉问题成为隔震技术在高层建筑中推广应用的主要障碍之一。本文提出了避免隔震支座受拉的上部结构布置原则及隔震层优化设计方法,并对目前隔震支座拉应力计算方法提出了改进建议。本文的研究工作可为工程设计提供借鉴,为隔震设计相关规范的修订提供依据。  相似文献   

桩网复合地基桩土应力比的确定     

陈娟  吴西臣 《水文地质工程地质》2007,34(3):116-119

实践证明,桩网复合地基同时具备竖向增强体复合地基与水平向增强体复合地基的加固优点,能很好地提高地基土体承载力,减小不均匀沉降,特别是桥头过渡段地基处理中能有效控制“桥头跳车”现象的产生。本文主要对桩网复合地基的加固机理进行分析,并结合自然平衡拱理论和加筋垫层拉膜效应理论推导出路堤下桩网复合地基桩土应力比计算公式,同时分析了各设计参数变化对桩土应力比的变化规律。工程实体试验表明,本文所推导的桩土应力比计算公式具有较好的适用性。  相似文献   

Visualisation of bacterial degradation and mobilisation of oil in a porous medium     

J. E. Paulsen  S. Ekrann  E. Oppen 《Environmental Geology》1999,38(3):204-208

 Bacterial interaction with oil and sea water, in a porous medium, was studied using a transparent micro model mounted on a cybernetic-controlled positioning board of an inverted microscope. This was interfaced with computer-operated image analysis and surveillance equipment. Consecutive flooding of the model allowed oil to become trapped by capillary forces. Hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria were inoculated. The interaction of biofilm and oil was monitored during a period of 25 days, while mineral salts were supplied intermittently. A unique feature of biofilm behaviour was discovered. The phenomenon is discussed, and calculations are presented. A possible explanation of the phenomenon appears to be local reductions of the surface tension. The phenomenon helps explain why bacteria are able to mobilise oil trapped by capillary forces without reducing the interfacial tension to a level that leads to an increase in the capillary number sufficient to explain incremental oil recovery. The experimental design is believed to be suitable for studying biofilm behaviour on the pore level. Received: 26 January 1998 · Accepted: 9 July 1998  相似文献